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Chronic fatigue syndrome （CFS） is a heterogeneous disease with dysfunction in multiple systems and multiple organs. Its etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully clarified， and its treatment also lacks specificity. The key to studying CFS is developing animal models that reflect the underlying mechanisms and etiology of CFS. The existing CFS modeling methods are complicated and not unified. By sorting out relevant literature，the present study evaluated the modeling methods，modeling standards，mechanisms， and clinical coincidence of the immune model，the stress model， and the disease-syndrome combination model in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The immune model is mainly constructed from the perspective of pathophysiology， with easy operation and wide investigation， which can simulate the pathological characteristics of CFS to ensure pathogenesis research，but the experimental repeatability is general. Stress modeling is a common method for a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases，including CFS. Many different stressors can be employed to investigate the etiology of CFS， but their effects are unpredictable. Compared with the two western medicine models mentioned above，the TCM disease-syndrome combination model integrates modern medicine with TCM theory，with high clinical coincidence and great practical value. However，the TCM disease-syndrome combination model of CFS is still in the exploratory stage with a few types of models，which needs to be further improved， aiming to establish scientific，reasonable，simple， and efficient animal models to provide support for exploring the etiology，pathogenesis， and new treatment ideas of CFS.
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The role of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis in bronchial asthma (asthma) has attracted increasing attention in recent years.The activation of NLRP3 leads to the recruitment and activation of Cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 and the release of interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and interleukin-18(IL-18), which aggravates the airway inflammation in asthma.Meanwhile, NLRP3 further results in the clea-vage of Gasdermin D and pyroptosis.Finally, the cell damage stimulates the airway remodeling of asthma.This article focused on the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammatory response and pyroptosis as well as its role in asthma.
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The concept is cell of the theory. Starting from the concept, is the first and important step in building the modern basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on the early thought of Changes from phenomenon description to entity elucidation, we firstly introduce conceptual change in this paper and point out its basic meaning and role. To accurately apply the new concept, we have analyzed and demonstrated the concept and its expression object, the concept words' expression forms, as well as the concept explanatory power in details, and pointed out the problems because of ignoring these recognition in researching the concept of chinese medicine and its solutions. We have summarized the laws of the international scientific community realizing the conceptual change focus on the object, explore the unknown, propose new knowledge. and proposed the definition of conceptual change of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. According to preliminary findings we have generalized the goal and standard to achieve the conceptual change of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine and gave examples of proof. As such we have draw an conclusion: the concepts of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine form the scientific concepts of the modern basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine through conceptual change, and thus guiding the theory, teaching and thinking reform of the Chinese medicine.
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Objective To observe the complications in children after percutaneeus closure of atrial septal defect (ASD). Methods 192 children,who successfully received percutaneous closure of ASD in our hospital were enrolled in this study. Diameter of ASD was 8.0 ～ 33.0( 16.7± 8.0) mm, the diameter of occluder was 8.0 ～ 38.0 ( 18.9 ± 8.2) mm. The follow-up term ranges from 1 month to 4 years, with a mean of 19.0 ± 4.5 months. Standard 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and transthoracic echocardiography (TIE) were performed before closure, 24 including: minimal-moderate residual shunt in 3 patients ( 1.6% ), atrial-ventricle block (AVB) in 1 ( 0.5 % ), sinus There were 184 cases of single-hole ASD, with complication rate of 2.7% (5/184) , including the complication rate in diameter of siagle-hole ASD less than 10mm was 0% , that in ASD between 10 mm and 20 mm was 1.7% (2/119) ,that in ASD more than 20 mm was 5.0% (3/60) ,while there were 8 cases of two- and multi-hole ASD, clusion, including 3 cases of minimal-moderate residual shunt, 1 case of atrial-ventricle block, 1 case of sinus brady-cardia, and 1 case of device-micro-malplesition. 2 days to 2 weeks after procedure, 1 case developed pelade ( 1/192 ). completely recovered (57. 1% ), including 1 case of residul shunt, 1 case of atrial-ventricle block, sinus bradycardia and 1 case of pelade. 2 cases of minimal residual and 1 case of device-micro-malposition were not recov-ered. Conclusions Transeatheter closure of ASD is safe and effective with few complications, most of which disapp-eare completely during follow up term. Long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the progress of some rare complica-tions.
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Objective To investigate the effect of CTLA4-Ig chimera protein on mice mortality, histopathological changes, viral fiters, expression of CTLA4 protein on infiltrated T lymphocyte and the balance of Thl/Th2 in mice myocarditis caused by coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3). Methods A total of 106 four to six week-old male BALB/c mice were used in the experiments, which were divided into CTLA4-Ig group (n = 16), CVB3 group (n=40), IgG group (n =40) and normal control group(n = 10) randomly. The mice in CVB3 group, IgG group and CTLA4-Ig group were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0. 15 ml CVB3 and the mice in norreal control group with 0. 15 ml Eagle. The mice in IgG group and CTLA4-1g group were inoculated with IgG (0. I mg/kg) and CTLA4-Ig(0. 1 mg/kg) at 6 h and 72 h post inoculation(p, i. ), respectively, The surplus mice in each group were sacrificed at day 7 p.i. Light microscope was used to quantify the inflammation. The expression of CVB3 mRNA in mycardium were semi-quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR). The expression of CTLA4 protein were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The levels of IL-2, IL-4 and 1FN-γ in serum were measured by ELISA. Results The mice mortality, histopathological score and CVB3 mRNA in CTLA4-Ig group were lower than that in CVB3 group ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0. 05, respectively). The expression of CTLA4 was significantly increased in CTLA4-Ig therapy group (P < 0.05 ). The serum level of IFN-γ of mice in CVB3 group were significantly higher than that in normal control group( P < 0.01 ). The serum level of IL-4 of mice in CVB3 group were much lower than that in normal control group( P < 0.01 ). The serum level of IL-2 in CVB3 group had no statistical significance with that in normal control group ( P > 0.05 ). The serum level of IFN-γ in mice of CTLA4-Ig group were much lower than that in CVB3 group ( P <0.01 ) and lgG group (P < 0. 01 ). The serum level of IL-4 of mice in CTLA4-Ig group were significantly higher than that in CVB3 group (P<0.01) and IgG group (P<0.01). The serum level of IL-2 in CTLA4-Ig group had no statistical significance with that in CVB 3 control group and lgG group ( P > 0. 0 5 ) . Conclusion CTLA4-Ig may relieve inflammation and reduce mice mortality by blocking the costimulation signals for T lymphocyte activation and reinforcing Th2 response.
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BACKGROUND: Apoptosis of cardiomyocytes is speeded up during ischemic reperfused injury. Acupuncture on the points of hand- Jueyin meridian can inhibit the progression of reperfused injury and reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes so as to provide the protection on the heart.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of acupuncture on the points of hand-Jueyin meridian on apoptosis of cardiomyocytes during ischemic reperfused injury.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of acupuncture and massage in a university of traditional Chinese medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Central Laboratory of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from April to December 2001. Forty Wistar male rats were employed, and were randomized into 5 groups, named as blank group, model group, "Neiguan(PC 6)" group,"Ximen(PC 4)" group and "Zhigou(TE 6)" group.METHODS: After electric acupuncture on the points of pericardium meridian for 20 minutes, the ligature was done on the anterior-descending branch of the left coronary artery for 40 minutes. Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring was followed. The ligature was released after electric acupuncture on the points for another 20 minutes and perfusion was restored for 60 minutes. Afterward, the heart was extracted, the cellular suspension was prepared and the determination with flow-type cell apparatus was applied.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of acupuncture on the changes in apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes.RESULTS: In the model group, the typical apoptosis peak presented, the apoptosis rate was remarkably increased. The comparison between the points of pericardium meridian groups and the model group indicated very significant difference(P < 0.01) .The apoptosis rates in "Neiguan(PC 6)" group, "Ximen(PC 4)" group and "Zhigou(TE 6)" group as well as the model groupwere(4.29±0.76)%, (5. 17±0.88)%, (13.96 ±2.77)% and (16.01 ± 1.04)% respectively.CONCLUSION: Acupuncture on the points of hand-Jueyin meridian inhibits myocardial apoptosis effectively so as to reduce myocardial injury caused by cell apoptosis.
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AIM: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrsis factor-alpha (TNF-?) in synovium of rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) and the relationship between the pathological score and the expression of VEGF and TNF-? protein. METHODS: AA was produced in Wistar rats by inoculating complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The arthral pathological score was calculated, production of VEGF and TNF-? protein were assayed by histoimmunochemical staining at different stage after CFA inoculation. RESULTS: In AA group, the pathological score and expression of VEGF protein in synovium increased significantly (P